The U.S. Dominates Global Arms Trade as Russia Faces Steep Decline

The United States has solidified its position as the dominant force in the global arms trade, accounting for a staggering 43% of all major arms exports between 2020 and 2024, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). This data reveals a growing divide in the global defense market, with the U.S. leading the charge, while Russia, once a key arms supplier, sees its international weapons sales plunge by 64%.

The U.S. arms industry has expanded its global reach, increasing sales to 107 countries. Notably, European NATO members and key Middle Eastern allies have driven demand, with the largest share of U.S. arms exports—35%—now directed to Europe, surpassing the Middle East at 33%. Saudi Arabia remains the top customer, receiving 12% of all U.S. arms exports.

The U.S. has become the preferred provider of advanced military systems, including long-range precision weapons, combat aircraft, and missile defense systems. Nearly 500 combat aircraft were supplied to European NATO allies and other partners, demonstrating strong demand for next-generation fighter jets like the F-35.

According to Mathew George, Program Director at SIPRI, the U.S. is in a "unique position" when it comes to arms exports. Its 43% share of global arms exports is more than four times that of France, the second-largest supplier.

Russia's Decline

While the U.S. thrives, Russia's arms exports have fallen sharply. SIPRI's report highlights a 64% drop in Russian arms sales, one of the steepest declines in modern history. The factors driving this decline include Western sanctions, disrupted production, and the redirection of resources to the war in Ukraine. Additionally, traditional buyers like India are increasingly turning to Western and indigenous suppliers.

France's Rise

As Russia's influence wanes, France has emerged as the world's second-largest arms exporter, expanding its market share to 9.6%. France's defense industry has thrived due to strong sales of the Rafale fighter jet and significant arms shipments to Ukraine following Russia's invasion. France's increased role in European security and its expanding presence in the global arms market reflect the shifting defense landscape.

SIPRI’s findings also underscore the growing reliance of European NATO members on U.S.-supplied arms. Between 2020 and 2024, European NATO countries more than doubled their arms imports compared to the previous period, with the U.S. supplying 64% of those purchases. Despite efforts by European states to reduce dependence on foreign suppliers, the transatlantic defense relationship remains strong.

Shifting Regional Demand

While the overall volume of arms transfers remains stable, there are significant shifts in regional demand. Arms imports to Europe and the Americas have surged, while those in the Middle East and Asia have declined. Notably, China’s arms imports fell by 64%, as the country has increased domestic production and reduced reliance on Russian weapons. Saudi Arabia’s imports also decreased by 41%, and India’s arms imports decreased by 9.3%.